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TNews – Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurobiological disorder that affects an individual’s social, communication, and behavioral development. In this article, we will explore autism disorder from various perspectives, starting from the definition and diagnostic criteria to risk factors, symptoms, and various intervention methods that can be used to assist individuals with ASD.
Definition and Diagnostic Criteria
Autism Spectrum Disorder is defined as a neurobiological developmental disorder that affects social interaction, verbal and non-verbal communication, and behavior. ASD involves various levels of severity, hence the term “spectrum” is used to encompass a range of symptoms and functional levels. The diagnosis of ASD is based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM–5), which sets specific criteria that individuals must meet to be considered as having ASD.
Read More : Delving Deeper into Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
Risk Factors and Causes
Although the exact causes of autism are unknown, several risk factors have been identified. Genetic factors are a major contributor, with a family history of ASD increasing the risk for other relatives. Environmental factors, such as complications during pregnancy and childbirth, can also play a role. Some studies support the idea that exposure to certain chemicals during pregnancy or specific medical conditions in infants can increase the risk of ASD.
Symptoms and Signs
ASD symptoms can vary significantly among individuals, but there are some common signs that may appear in children with this disorder. Difficulties in communication and social interaction are hallmark features of ASD. Individuals with ASD may show an inability to understand facial expressions and body language of others, as well as challenges in building social relationships. In terms of behavior, limited and repetitive interests, as well as unusual sensory responses to environmental stimuli, are also commonly observed.
